North Atlantic Oscillation recorded in Greenland ice cores

Modified from Appenzeller et al. (1998) Science 282:446-449.

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Caption: Ice core data from Greenland have been used to reconstruct a normalized proxy North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index for the past 350 years (shaded green). The modern instrumental index is shown in blue and a 15 year running meadian of the proxy index in red. This record demonstrates the power of calibrated proxies to extend the time perspective on known modes of climate variability well beyond the instrumental record, and with annual resolution.

C. Appenzeller et al (1998) North Atlantic Oscillation Dynamics Recorded in Greenland Ice Cores, Science, 282, 446-449.